Composite materials are new materials that people use advanced material preparation techniques to optimize and combine different material components. Generally defined composite materials need to meet the following conditions:
(i) Composite materials must be artificial and designed and manufactured according to people’s needs;
(ii) Composite materials must be composed of two or more material components with different chemical and physical properties, combined in the designed form, proportion, and distribution, with obvious interfaces between each component;
(iii) It has structural designability and can be used for composite structural design;
(iv) Composite materials not only maintain the advantages of the properties of each component, but also achieve comprehensive properties that cannot be achieved by a single component material through the complementarity and correlation of the properties of each component.The matrix materials of composite materials are divided into two categories: metallic and non-metallic. The commonly used metal substrates include aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium, and their alloys. The non-metallic substrates mainly include synthetic resins, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon, etc. Reinforcement materials mainly include glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, asbestos fiber, whiskers, and metals.
